Root of Acute Sida

The root contains alkaloids: cryptolepine, ephedrine, β-phenylethylamine, pseudoephedrine, vasicinol, vasicinone, vasicine, hypaphorine, choline and betaine. The aerial parts contain alkaloids: β-phenylethylamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, vasicinol, vasicinone, vasicine, choline and betaine, etc. The whole plant with root contains heraclenol, syringin and daucosterol.

1. Effects on the cardiovascular system: A low concentration (0.78%) of Huanghuaren decoction inhibits the isolated frog heart, whereas a high concentration (6.25%) causes the heart to stop in systole. The minimum toxic concentration is 1.56%. 2. Effects on intestinal smooth muscle: Intravenous injection of 1 mL/kg of a 5%–10% Huanghuaren preparation in rabbits markedly increases intestinal tone and baseline tension, slows peristalsis, and increases contraction amplitude. At 1% concentration, it reduces the amplitude of isolated rabbit intestinal contractions but increases tone and baseline tension; at 2.5%, it suppresses intestinal movement, markedly slows contraction frequency, reduces amplitude, and significantly increases tone.

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