Echinops

The crude juice of cactus contains pectic polysaccharides and gummy exudates. The whole herb contains friedelin, friedelan-3α-ol, taraxerone, taraxerol, betaine, 3-O-methylquercetin, kaempferide, and kaempferol.

1. Antibacterial effect: Extracts of cactus show strong inhibitory and bactericidal effects against common food-contaminating bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 2. Anti-aging effect: In normobaric oxygen tolerance, swimming, cold tolerance, and heat tolerance tests, the aqueous extract of cactus significantly prolonged swimming time and heat tolerance time in aged mice, increased survival time under normobaric hypoxia, and reduced mortality in low-temperature environments.

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